In the book there are many cases of Holden Caulfield trying to resist growing. Already a member? I went down by a different staircase, and I saw another Fuck you on the wall. It is not the specific items an expression contains but rather the meaning it conveys and its association with culture-specific contexts which can make it untranslatable or difficult to translate. Why wouldn't Holden be back to Pencey after Christmas vacation? The works of Salinger show the quest for happiness through religion, loneliness, and symbolism. Latest answer posted April 29, 2021 at 3:04:20 PM. The first time period was during World War II, and the second time period was during the 1960s. Lexical cohesion is a relation that exists between or among specific elements of different sentences in a text and is achieved through the vocabulary. Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text's major themes. . (Chapter 12, pg. Read more about relationships, intimacy, and sexuality as a motif. Simile is a more cautious form of metaphor. This cognitive approach perfectly applies to the transfer process of ideas from one language to another, which obviously implies a lot more than the simple reproduction model. This first type of difficulty is the task of distinguishing between a use of a word as a specialized term and its use as a word of general vocabulary. I mean not wait till Wednesday or anything. Richard Yates wrote at The New York Times in 1977 that Salinger is a man who used language as if it were pure energy beautifully controlled, and who knew exactly what he was doing in every silence as well as in every word. It troubles him that he has changed each time he returns, while the museum's displays remain completely the same. Give her to me boy it was used for pointing out to the reader that Stradler with whom Holden discuss was a person that didnt pay attention to the persons beauty. But it is what it aims at. Alex Gross, The Theories of Translation. He followed Catcher with a short story collection, Nine Stories (1953), a collection of a novella and a short story, Franny and Zooey (1961), and a collection of two novellas, Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction (1963). This may be intended to explain why he doesn't write about his adventures and. The Catcher in the Rye and My Name is Asher Lev voice how society is a song, each member having his own verse. cookie policy. Rev. False friends - are an umbrella term where some similarity between two words in a language pair dealt with look or sound sufficiently alike to sometimes make translators render the source word by a target word that is semantically wrong in that context. Holden introduced her to Stradlater, because he didn't want to date her himself. Recurring themes in Salinger's stories also connect to the ideas of innocence and adolescence, including the "corrupting influence of Hollywood and the world at large", the absence of connects between teenagers and "phony" adults, and the perceptive, precocious intelligence of children. J. D. Salinger needed to persuade the reader that Holden was capable of writing an entire "autobiographical" book, even though he was a poor student and was actually getting kicked out of school because of his bad grades. The success of The Catcher in the Rye led to public attention and scrutiny: Salinger became reclusive, publishing new work less frequently. Lexical peculiarities are the most important features of lexico-stylistic analyses and these features are very important for the reader in order easily to understand the whole content of the work. What happens to Holden after his date with Sally Hayes and his meeting with Carl Luce both end badly? It is clear in the early chapters,. After a dry and unappetizing steak dinner in the dining hall, Holden gets into a snowball fight with some of the other Pencey boys. Holden is dealing with the loss of his brother, the fact that he his still a child on his way to adulthood and some serious emotions. According to Lotfipour-Saedi, the texture of a text can be characterized by textual features of: Cohesive relations may be grammatical or lexical. Mad about Children." Not with poetry, and not even with prose, where the difficulty is generally assumed to be less. In the conclusion can be sad that the Romanian version achieved its aim; that of creating a contemporary and updated translation, especially in terms of language and language use. All stylistic devices are multi functional. In some places, the repetitions become even language errors, revealing Holdens natural, informal style: and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap. Ever since its publication in 1951, J.D. He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. He has different perspective to other people, even though he has a. Theyre quite touchy about anything like that, especially my father. The ducks and their pond are symbolic in several ways. Holden also has a tendency to use the undefined second-person pronoun, "you." Perhaps Holden interacts with it with the innocence and the purity he believes with these characters represents and wears it as a way to connect to them. I need at least one quote for support. Some idioms are 'misleading'; they seem transparent because they offer a reasonable literal interpretation and their idiomatic meanings are not necessarily signalled in the surrounding text. They think that society is harmful and they dont like to be in it. My Observe the cat is scratching right now." Holden annoys Stradlater by writing the composition about a baseball glove rather than about a room or . Its possible that Salinger has a very negative view of the world; the author thinks that the research of happiness is based on 3 important elements: religion, loneliness and symbolism. Holden's jargon is consistent and very enlightening. Not so. Supplementations of parts of speech are characterized by several factors: difference in structures of the sentences and that short English sentences demand spread translation in the Romanian language. burlesque examples in catcher in the rye burlesque examples in catcher in the rye assignments. He alludes to his behavior almost in passing, saying that he slept in the garage on the night of Allies death and broke all the windows with his bare hands, just for the hell of it. He tried to break the car windows as well, but could not because his hand was already fractured from smashing the garage windows. In its broad meaning, the term impliestransmutationand can be illustrated by decoding some ideas and themes expressed, for example, in a poem through the language of music or dance. One problem which will arise in translation is the translating of the third-person pronoun from Persian as a source text- into English as a target text. Holden also hates the fact that Ackley comes into his room and picks up things that belong to him and his roommate, Ward Stradlater. In 1996, a small publisher announced a deal with Salinger to publish "Hapworth 16, 1924" in book form, but amid the ensuing publicity, the release was indefinitely delayed. Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater. The whole arrangements designed for men who, at some time or other in their lives, were looking for something their own environment couldn't supply them with. There are several reasons for this difficulty. Much of Salinger's reputation, which he acquired after publication of The Catcher in the Rye, is derived from thoughtful and sympathetic insights into both adolescence and adulthood, his use of symbolism, and his idiomatic style, which helped to re-introduce the common idiom to American literature. Modernists shared a common purpose. During a period was established that Salinger's writing has influenced several prominent writers, prompting Harold Brodkey (himself an O. Henry Award-winning author) to state in 1991: "His is the most influential body of work in English prose by anyone since Hemingway." Distinguishing between various meanings of a word of general vocabulary. Latest answer posted March 19, 2020 at 11:46:52 PM. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text. There are five quotations that are used by the author in his novel The Catcher in the Ray: Game, my ass. Our search for who we are is fuelled by our innate desire to achieve a sense of acceptance and belonging. Wed love to have you back! There are many thorns that can mortify us during the translation process, whatever the nature of the text we face, and translators should be aware of them. One group of polysemes are those in which a word meaning an activity, perhaps derived from a verb, acquires the meanings of those engaged in the activity, or perhaps the results of the activity, or the time or place in which the activity occurs or has occurred. Essay. The translator is always alert in order to catch a passage that is marked, forms a particular sensitivity allowing the translator, to stop and think about an unusual formulation even when in translators experience he/she never ran across that particular idiomatic expression. What does Holden write Stradlater's composition about why is the object he writes about important to him what eventually happens to the essay Why? Drugs, used so as to be inconspicuous, but euphemistic. Because of this fact, a translation based on a one-to-one substitution of words is seldom acceptable. In the past few decades, this activity has developed because of rising international trade, increased migration, globalization, the recognition of linguistic minorities, and the expansion of the mass media and technology. He fought in war. To this group belong international words, some words of human perception, mental activity. Finding a good equivalence is an important job which the translator should care about it. database? Life is a game that one plays according to the rules., [Ackley] took another look at my hat . Phraseologisms or expressions that would aspire at becoming so are formed in huge quantities, but do not always succeed. Salinger uses symbolism from other books in his books to convey how the characters in his works will change for a better life. The conclusion is that there have been some similarities between Salingers private life and some of the events in his works, but not enough to entitle anyone to think that his fiction is autobiographical. Each symbol has a different effect on Holden Caufields Life, emotions, and actions. The pond is in transition between two states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. He is a nonconformist. Works Cited Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. By throwing a tantrum. Continue to start your free trial. Most translation theorists agree that translation is understood as a transfer process from a foreign languageor a second languageto the mother tongue. Explanations are often used within arguments and presented so as to serveas arguments. In the following analyses will be given some examples of slangs from the novel with the help of direct quotations. Ackley has awful teeth, which he never brushes, lots of pimples, and a lousy personality, according to Holden. We are lucky to present you. He does not connect with the people around him, but dwells on people who are memories, like Allie and Jane Gallagher. Jerome David "J. D." Salinger is an American author, best known for his 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye, as well as his reclusive nature. Of course, Holden himself is guilty of both these crimes. After Stradlater asks the expelled Holden to write a composition for him because he "doesn't know where to put the commas," Holden writes, "That's something else that gives me a royal. The mitt reminds holden of his brother and is the only thing he can be descriptive about so it is what holden writes Stradlater's report on it. In Salingers Catcher in the Rye Holden Caulfields entire plot deals with him trying to isolate from society. It occurs in Chapter 22, after Holden has slipped quietly back into his apartment and is speaking with Phoebe. I was wondering where the ducks went when the lagoon got all icy and frozen over. As he says to Mr. Spencer, he feels trapped on the other side of life, and he continually attempts to find his way in a world in which he feels he doesn't belong. The ducks are in context to a scripture in the Bible, which tells of how the ducks are Free. In Chapter 22, just before he reveals his fantasy of the catcher in the rye, Holden explains that adults are inevitably phonies, and, what's worse, they can't see their own phoniness. He used to name, above all, the religion as the proper solution (for example, Holden was sad when he lost his girlfriend, and he read a passage in the Bible). The first chapter deals with J. D. Salingers place in world literature, the most important influences on his writing style, the cultural and historical background behind his literary works and how they influenced and were reflected in his literary creations. False friends could be called inter-language synonyms, homonyms and paronyms. Salinger a very controversial writer, for the subject matters that he writes. The real thing, with the curtain of language somehow made transparent. This type contain two subtypes and one of these subtypes is Interjections and Exclamatory words which are words that that we use when we express our feelings strongly and which may be said to exist in language as conventional symbols of human emotions. After the excursion, Mal goes off to look for a bridge game, and Ackley sits on Holdens bed squeezing pimples and concocting stories about a girl he claims to have had sex with the summer before. Type your requirements and I'll connect They have the same attitude towards other people and they think the same way, too. Holden tears the composition up and throws it away angrily. Inter-semiotic translation means substituting signs of one semiotic system by signs of a different semiotic system. We can see that it were negative comments, hard criticsMany critics told that there wasnt any novel that went into the adolescence as this Salingers work. The many negative reactions were mainly caused by the social and political background of the postwar period, by misunderstanding the text, by misreading it, by associating the novel with famous criminals and the reading of the novel by the wrong audienceteenagers instead of adults. Modernists shared a common purpose. If unrecognized, they are translated interpreting the meaning of the single words to the letter, with doubtful outcome. In every language a word exists in a close connection with the lexical-semantic system of a given language. Traumatized and made acutely aware of the fragility of life by his brother Allie's death, Holden is terrified by the idea of change and disappearance. Lexical peculiarities that characterise this novel and the style of the author are Themes, Motifs and Symbols which are one of the major and that could be easily identified in the novel The Catcher in the Ray by J. D. Salinger. Of course, Holden will not really shoot people in this hat, but it remains a symbol of his scorn for convention. Not only poets and writers, but also journalists frequently create unexpected word combination that makes their statements significantly vivid and original. In the preparatory phase of a translation, cognition, in the form of self-consciousness and self-confidence, plays a very important role, inasmuch as this period implies conscious mental activities, where translating problems are detected and analyzed, and information and knowledge are accumulated. Copyright 2023 Literary Devices. He also tends to be emotionally distant and uncommunicative. The following example point out that the writers style is so rich and full of different devices from which can be deduced the next translation difficulties which are find out from the novel during the process of analyzing the both variants of the novel English and Romanian: Related with the informal nature stated, it must also point out the absence of any type of logical structure in Holdens discourse. You can view our. In New Zealand there was a book called Pounamu Pounamu by Witi Ihimaera. But Holden cannot think of anything to say about a house or a room, so he writes about a baseball glove that his brother Allie used to copy poems onto in green ink. Ccrowther Jonathan and Cavanagh Katchryn, Oxford Guide to British and American Culture, Oxford University Press 2003; Printice Hall Literature American Experience, Second Edition, Printice Hall Edgewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Needham Massachusetts 1991; Crystal, David, The English Language. The concept of norm is relative, on the one hand, with system of language, and on the other hand, it is closely connected with speech, in which the originality of speech formation is displayed. It is, of course related to the development of a given languages and formation of its lexical system. He reads Holdens composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that its no wonder Holden is being expelled. Instead of paying attention to the game, he would write poetry on his glove while playing the outfield. Discount, Discount Code The main aim is to analyze J. D. Salingers literary fiction and his impact on Romanian readers as reflected by the translations of his literary creations into Romanian, mainly centering on his novel: The Catcher in the Rye. They are classified as : The first four are grammatical and the last one lexical. Please wait while we process your payment. Raised in Manhattan, New York, Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school, and published several stories in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. Anyway, Holden responds by doing a tap dance like you see in the movies, which he hates but gets a bang (his words) out of imitating. The comparisons that were used in The Cather in the Ray are pretty as hell (J.D.Salinger:12) through this stylistic devices the author pointed out to the reader the that everything in Holdens life which was worse was compared with the source of the bad things which is HELL, and the usage of this word by the author showed to the reader that there are no any another bad places like HELL. Difference in the semantic structure of a word represents one of the main reason causing lexical difficulties in translation. If you do, you start missing everybody"? Salinger probably wanted to establish a temporal perspective and not risk having the reader assume that Holden was writing something like a diary or journal. with free plagiarism report. "Anything. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. In the case of the "hammer and anvil" idiom, a lexical rendering could be "to be in an uneasy, stressing situation". Some have argued that Salinger's tale of the human condition is fascinating and enlightening, yet incredibly depressing. The conclusion was that the main reasons behind his retirement from the public world refer to his great disappointment with the disturbing elements brought along by success and his desire to find a peaceful existence, most likely as a result of the Second World War experiences and, later on, of the strong influences of Zen philosophy. Already a member? for a group? Throughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger obtain numerous symbols that persist in the book. Salinger seems to be almost identical to Holden in the story. It took the standards of The New Yorker editors, among them William Shawn, to refine his writing into the "spare, teasingly mysterious, withheld" qualities of "A Perfect Day for Banana fish", The Catcher in the Rye, and his stories of the early 1950s. Holden tears the composition up and throws it away angrily. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. J. D. Salinger used a lot of epithets in his work The Cather in the Ray in order to present a good characteristic of the characters which are in the work and of the objects that he used in his work the epithets were used for pointing out to the reader some of the properties or features of the characters and of the objects with the aim of giving an individual perception and evaluation of these features or properties. The purpose of metaphor is to liven up the text, make it more colorful, dramatic and witty - that is, metaphor carries out an emotive function. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. He asks Holden to write a composition for him for English. SparkNotes PLUS The semantics of a word includes word perception characteristic to the studied language, being more precise to the bearers of the studied language. Because Holden depends on his isolation to preserve his detachment from the world and to maintain a level of self-protection, he often sabotages his own attempts to end his loneliness. These two criterias identify the needs for a good knowledges in English in some of its branches of science. He doesn't say yes directly because he doesn't want to write it for him. The same types of words and phrases are used in presenting explanations and arguments. London 1995. But he refuses to acknowledge this fear, expressing it only in a few instancesfor example, when he talks about sex and admits that [s]ex is something I just don't understand. Finally, Holden senses sometimes that the words he is using are not quite right, that language fails him: "I don't exactly know what I mean by that," he says at one point, "but I mean it." Little Brown Books, New York: 1945. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? They sought to capture the essence of modern life in the form and content of their work. At this point in the novel, Holden's sense of disadvantage and corresponding bitterness seem somewhat strange, given his circumstances: he's clearly a bright boy from a privileged New York family. He clearly identifies with those on the other side of the game, and he feels alone and victimized, as though the world is against him. The Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press 2007; http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50034626?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=catharsis&first=1&max_to_show=10. An important stylistic device that was used by the author in his writing is epithet. Anything descriptive. Chapter 4 - Catcher 2. Indeed, the cynicism that Holden uses to avoid expressing his feelings may result from Allies death. The museum represents the world Holden wishes he could live in, a world where everything is simple, understandable, and indefinite. Without a doubt, J.D. Allie's glove, with the green writing on it, is symbolic of isolation. Contextual meaning of a word is always effective semantically and stylistically owing to its unexpectedness as well. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy, as in the case of Nine Stories, to achieve this liberation. He rebels against such society and system because he is unfit for it and he is unable to achieve things from this type of social system.