which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?

Individuals in this situation are unsure of what they feel, value, or need leading to dysfunction and the need for therapy. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the: Which statement is TRUE regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? First, free association involves the patient describing whatever comes to mind during the session. In this case, extinction continues. Dontrall observed his parents generous behavior throughout his childhood. First, consider the topic of social cognition or the process of collecting and assessing information about others. d. only one factorstress or predispositionis necessary for abnormality to occur. a. psychoanalysis. Thorndike also said that stimulus and responses were connected by the organism, and this led to learning. b. unconditional self-regard. ADHD is more common in males than females, though females are more likely to have inattention issues. b. Hypnosis was used at first and relieved her symptoms, as it had done for many patients (See Module 1). c. The underlying assumptions of each model are the same. b. people are naturally inclined to live positively. Gestalt therapy is similar to mindfulness techniques in its emphasis on: Cognitive-behavioral approaches used to treat social anxiety disorder aim to: alter illogical thinking patterns and reduce avoidance behaviors. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, weight gain, restlessness, tremors, and rigidity. Humans have several of these reflexes, though not as many as other animals due to our more complicated nervous system. a. Social Sciences; Psychology; Psychology questions and answers; which statement about catergorical vs dimensions models of abnormal behavior is true?A categorial models capture the complexity of mental disorders btter than dimensional modelsB Dimensional models better reflect nature/ reality of disorders than categorial onesC Catergorial models capture the severitu of mental disorders while . Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? How so? Examples of secondary punishers include a ticket for speeding, losing television or video game privileges, ridicule, or a fee for paying your rent or credit card bill late. This was a positive punisher that did not have to be learned, and definitely not one of my finer moments in life. The neuron next moves into a relative refractory period, meaning it can fire but needs higher than normal levels of stimulation. The strategies arise from all three learning models. Asking yourself what if something happens, without being satisfied by any of the answers. 126. 80. On the other hand, if we see a sibling constantly getting in trouble with the law, then we may not model this behavior due to the negative consequences. Negative means that something is being taken away good or bad. Simply, she placed the child in one end of a room and then brought in the rabbit. In the business setting, a model or trainer demonstrates how to use a computer program or run a register for a new employee. Psychosurgery. 45. d. Each model views childhood trauma as a factor contributing to abnormal behavior. a. Neurotransmitters are released. Freud believed that the id is fueled by: a. self-preservation. They include hunger, thirst, self-preservation, and sex. Which model is MOST likely to predict that transference will occur during therapy? Evaluate the usefulness of humanistic and existential perspectives. To begin, an applied behavior analyst identifies a target behavior, or behavior to be changed, defines it, works with the client to develop goals, conducts a functional assessment to understand what the undesirable behavior is, what causes it, and what maintains it. Its key figures were Abraham Maslow, who proposed the hierarchy of needs, and Carl Rogers, who we will focus on here. Acceptance and commitment therapy borrows heavily from _____, which teaches individuals to pay attention to the thoughts and feelings that are flowing through their minds, and to accept their thoughts in a nonjudgmental way. 2.3.1.2. This response does not need to be learned and shows the relationship between an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) yielding an unconditioned response (UCR). b. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Outline respondent conditioning and the work of Pavlov and Watson. Which is an example of a biological treatment for this condition? Their self-concept becomes distorted, now seen as having worth only when these significant others approve, leading to a disharmonious state and psychopathology. c. axons. c. role-playing. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the: a. id. Gestalt therapy is similar to mindfulness techniques in its emphasis on: a. using I language. Todays techniques are much more sophisticated and have been used to treat schizophrenia, depression, and some personality and anxiety disorders. 85. Thats all right. Horowitz (2008) found that rates of SAD are just 1% for those living in Florida while 9% of Alaskans are diagnosed with the disorder. They include Lisdexamfetamine, the combination of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine, and Methylphenidate. It operates on the reality principle, or an awareness of the need to adjust behavior, to meet the demands of our environment. b. map, or sequence, genes. a. gestalt With its emphasis on abstract human values and responsibility, the humanistic-existential model does all of the following EXCEPT: a. resonate with many people who are eager to explore these issues. Within the context of psychopathology, the behavioral perspective is useful because explains maladaptive behavior in terms of learning gone awry. Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. Irrational thought patterns can be the basis of psychopathology. Which statement about paradigms is FALSE? Humanists would say that an individual who cares about others and who is spontaneous, courageous, and independent is: The perspective that religious views are defense mechanisms created by people to make life tolerable is MOST characteristic of: What happens when an electrical impulse reaches a neuron's ending? d. integrate new behaviors to compensate for other damaging behaviors. The parasympathetic nervous system calms the body. A patient sees a therapist to help her address her eating disorder. Which of the following is NOT an example of diathesis in the diathesis-stress explanation of. Those in the field of abnormal psychology study people's emotional, cognitive, and/or behavioral problems.Abnormal behavior may be defined as behavior that is disturbing (socially unacceptable), distressing, maladaptive (or selfdefeating), and often the result of distorted thoughts (cognitions).. Several perspectives (models, approaches derived from data) and theories attempt to explain the . c. Beck. a. This is an example of behavior modification using: With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: let their thoughts flow, without judgment. As opposed to the medical model, which emphasizes mental illness as . It influences blood pressure, thirst, contractions of the uterus during childbirth, milk production, sexual behavior and interest, body growth, the amount of water in the bodys cells, and other functions as well. The Humanistic and Existential Perspectives. c. operant conditioning. Researchers who have looked into the link between religious devotion and psychological well-being have come to the following conclusion that: The biggest criticism of these models is that the concepts are abstract and fuzzy and so very difficult to research. What we would call conscience is MOST like what Freud would call the: a. defense mechanism. b. behavior-focused therapists. 16. Uni- vs. Multi-Dimensional Models of Abnormality, https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene, https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1, https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-perfectionists-handbook/201202/can-infections-result-in-mental-illness, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719, https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring, http://cogbtherapy.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-exercises/, https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Inability to disconfirm Ignoring any evidence that may contradict your maladaptive cognition. After several conditioning trials, the child responded with fear to the mere presence of the white rat (Panel C). 2.3.1.4. Armed with this stunning revelation, Pavlov spent the rest of his career investigating the learning phenomenon. Which statement would a family systems theorist MOST likely agree with? c. Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. For social skills training, identify the appropriate social behavior such as making eye contact, saying no to a request, or starting up a conversation with a stranger and determine whether the client is inhibited from making this behavior due to anxiety. a. psychodynamic b. sociocultural c. humanist-existential d. cognitive-behavioral. A theorist who takes an evolutionary perspective on abnormal behavior would MOST likely agree that: a. genome mapping is a waste of time. d. the ways in which women express their femininity. C) It is caused by genetics, chemical influences, and brain structural defects. Antidepressants are used to treat depression, but also anxiety, insomnia, and pain. To do this, the client must be aware of the distressing thoughts, when they occur, and their effect on them. Hormonal imbalances. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. Pavlov realized some stimuli automatically elicited responses (such as salivating to meat powder) and other stimuli had to be paired with these automatic associations for the animal or person to respond to it (such as salivating to a bell). Describe commonly used treatments for mental illness. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? 48. Essentially, they wanted to explore the possibility of conditioning various types of emotional response(s). The researchers ran a series of trials in which they exposed a 9-month-old child, known as Little Albert, to a white rat. But women may experience these illnesses differently certain symptoms may be more common in women than in men, and the course of the illness can be affected by the sex of the individual. Abnormal behavior arises when we avoid making choices, do not take responsibility, and fail to actualize our full potential. E. Regarding the diathesis-stress model, which of the following statements is false? Types include habituation, or when we simply stop responding to repetitive and harmless stimuli in our environment such as a fan running in your laptop as you work on a paper, and sensitization, or when our reactions are increased due to a strong stimulus, such as an individual who experienced a mugging and now panics when someone walks up behind him/her on the street. Abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, emotional, and cultural influences. The hope is that the client will engage in self-examination with acceptance and honesty. So the dog now reliably salivates at the sound of the bell because he expects that food will follow, and it does. A boy believes that he is deserving of love only when he earns good grades. All of the following are leading kinds of biological treatments used today EXCEPT: a. drug therapy. In time, the cause of the persons psychopathology is due to all these individual factors. c. paradigms. d. disturbing and inaccurate assumptions and attitudes. Maybe I am not paid weekly now. 20. c. regression. 52. c. double-blind studies. Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term issues is called: a. primary prevention. The biopsychosocial model examines the health and other illnesses and product behavior with biological features and behavioral factors.Several health psychologists work with healthcare experts and patients to help . Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. a. cognitive-behavioral b. humanistic-existential c. sociocultural d. psychodynamic, 7. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/freuds-patients-serial/201201/bertha-pappenheim-1859-1936. Also, long-term hospitalizations are less likely to occur as a result, though the medications do not benefit the individual in terms of improved living skills. To address this unique factor, culture-sensitive therapies have been developed and include increasing the therapists awareness of cultural values, hardships, stressors, and/or prejudices faced by their client; the identification of suppressed anger and pain; and raising the clients self-worth (Prochaska & Norcross, 2013). I know my grandmother used to. She had another shirt with her and wanted to change right then and there. d. The effectiveness of biological treatments cannot be objectively evaluated. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: a. improving the clients interactions with others. Throughout this book, we will discuss several treatment strategies used to change unwanted, maladaptive cognitions, whether they are present as an excess such as with paranoia, suicidal ideation, or feelings of worthlessness; or as a deficit such as with self-confidence and self-efficacy. The principle of multifinality emphasizes that: a. stress is the primary factor leading to abnormality. Key Components of Reinforcement Schedules. Divorce or the death of a spouse can lead to anxiety disorders. b. biological. SAD occurs with greater frequency for those living far north or south from the equator (Melrose, 2015). Albert Bandura conducted pivotal research on observational learning, and you likely already know all about it. For each category, we have a schema, or a set of beliefs and expectations about a group of people, presumed to apply to all members of the group, and based on experience. d. psychophysical. c. people who have a religious community to support them are healthier. A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. Figure 2.9 shows that that are two main components that make up a reinforcement schedule when you will reinforce and what is being reinforced. c. illogical thinking. Influenza epidemics, caused by viral infections (for more on influenza, please see the following: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719), have also been linked to schizophrenia (Brown et al., 2004; McGrath and Castle, 1995; McGrath et al., 1994; Ocallaghan et al., 1991) though more recent research suggests this evidence is weak at best (Selten & Termorshuizen, 2017; Ebert & Kotler, 2005).