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Refugee is both thrilling and heartrending. What is the resolution for Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud inRefugee? Review: Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. Mahmouds city, the once-beautiful Aleppo, is particularly vulnerable, since it houses a large number of rebels opposed to al-Assad. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The family struggles between needing to stay "invisible" in order to avoid danger and survive and becoming "visible" so that those with means can give them aid. Before long, the raft capsizes, and the family stays alive by floating in the frigid water, their counterfeit life jackets refusing to work. He is gaunt and thin; looking "like an escapee from a mental asylum" (36). Not only does Isabel rescue her father from arrest, she also sells her beloved trumpet to enable the family to buy gasoline to power the boat her neighbors, the Castillos, have been secretly building. His mother gives the sailor their tickets and they board the boat. After drifting off to the Bahamas, the Fernandez and Castillo families finally steer back on course to reach Florida, but not before Isabels mother delivers her baby brother in the boat. Writing of the Syrian crisis, he notes. Josef Landauis fleeing Nazi Germany in 1939. The Nazis labelling Aarons practice as a crime against the German people inherently detaches them from their own German culture. This is how Mahmoud puts it: No one cares about us if we stay out of your way, but if we come near you were seen as a burden. Lito, Isabels grandfather, also joins them. While they travel, they ask if anyone has seen Hana. This compelling novel will help young people make sense of todays refugee crisis. (including. T he main characters in Refugee are Josef Landau, Isabel Fernandez, and Mahmoud Bishara.. Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old Jewish boy living in Berlin, Germany, in 1938. As Landau's hysteria increases, Josef slaps his father's face. Though the stories are fictionalized, the events they draw from are historical, enabling readers to empathize with the perils of those whose lives are too often dismissed as remote news stories. As Gratz observes in his author's note to the novel, the MS St. Louis was a real ship carrying . Teachers and parents! They have come to arrest Josef's father: "Other Jewish homes and businesses and synagogues were destroyed all over Germany, and tens of . After Mahmouds home is destroyed, his brother Waleed, sister Hana, and his parents drive to the border of Turkey, hoping to escape. Refugee is more than a story about children fleeing their homelands, it is a story about what unites us all love, family and perseverance. Josefs fathers mental state deteriorates further, and he eventually jumps from the ship, trying to kill himself. However, soon enough, Germany invades Poland, thus beginning World War II. Josef; his mother, Rachel; and his sister, Ruth, leave for Hamburg, where they are to meet Aaron and sail to Cuba, which is said to be offering asylum to those fleeing Nazi Germany. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. If there are two dates, the date of publication and appearance 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. They wash their hands and pray facing Mecca, praising God and reciting from the Qur'an. Once he is released, the family flees to Cuba. Josef again shows his passage into adulthood, as he notices and worries about his mothers mental condition. At only 13, Josef takes on much of the family's responsibilities. In the back of the book, the author Alan Gratz offers ways that people can help refugees like Josef, Isabel, Mahmoud, and their families. Josef demonstrates his personal desire to grow up, but over the course of the novel he comes to recognize the value of being able to be a child. All three stories make for a great novel and it will teach you a lot and appreciate how good we have it. This is a must read for anyone, especially people who like history. date the date you are citing the material. Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. What are the different settings of the novel and how does it affect and shape the characters? However, unspeakable tragedy occurs when Ivn dies in a sudden shark attack. In one, Josef and his Jewish family flee Nazi Berlin in 1938. When the family finally gets to their promised boat, they find that it is merely a rubber raft. In Isabels story, the water is choppy with sharks, representing the violence and uncertainty of her condition as well as fact: the ninety-mile stretch between Cuba and Florida is known to be shark territory. After its passengers were denied asylum in Cuba, the ship tragically returned to Europe, hoping to find sanctuary for its passengers between four European countries: Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and England. Isabel wakes up, still in the boat, now 3 days from home. Mahmoud and his traumatized younger brother, Waleed, have learned to survive the frequent bombings and the bullying by majority Sunnis by learning to be invisible. However, the family is forced to act when their neighborhood is bombed. Braving extremely choppy and shark-infested waters, the two families make the ninety-mile run to Florida. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Josef did, and he sacrificed himself for Ruth. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Want 100 or more? Refugee is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. The third story belongs to thirteen-year-old Mahmoud Bishara, who lives in war-torn Aleppo, Syria, against the backdrop of a crisis which continues into the present day. Instant PDF downloads. Frau Rosenberg takes Mahmoud aside and tells him the story of her childhood: she is Ruth, Josefs sister. Complete your free account to request a guide. Ruta Sepetys, author of Between Shades of Gray. In addition, any storyboard can be made sharable, where a private link to the storyboard can be shared externally. Refugee: Josef: Havana Harbor - 1939, 19 days (2) Summary & Analysis Next. Mahmoud Bishara is a twelve-year-old boy who lives in Aleppo, Syria in 2015. His experiences with oppression in Germany, and then as a refugee, cause him to grow up far sooner than he should have to. In what ways were they taken advantage of or harmed by the cruelty and apathy of others? Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Isabels family and friends have always wanted to leave the country, but Castro will throw you in jail if you try to escape. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Cuba has become inhospitable for most of its citizens under the regime of Fidel Castro. In Cuba in 1994, eleven-year-old Isabel Fernandez lives a life of poverty and uncertainty in the middle of civil strife. Just as when Isabel gave some of her paltry food to the cat, Gratz shows here how even the most destitute people can still give somethingthus, those with more than that should be able to provide any aid they can, too. As a narrative device, this has the effect of accentuating the perils of unusual transcontinental journeys, which the reader is habituated to consider in terms of air travel. Eventually, the captain announces that they are not going to be allowed to dock in Havana and that the boat will be leaving. Refugee is a heart-pounding adventure as well as an important book that shines a light on a too often invisible and politicized problem. Subscribe now. Refugee Alan Gratz Study Guide Summary Plot Overview Chapter Summaries Summary Chapter Summaries Josef / Berlin, Germany-1938 Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old boy living in Nazi Germany. Josef and Rachel were captured by the Nazis, while Ruth was adopted by a kind French family. Teachers may opt to lower the security if they want to allow sharing. In the end, these three stories are connected. Pam Muoz Ryan, author of Echo and Esperanza Rising. Its other accolades include the Sydney Taylor Book Award, the National Jewish Book Award, the Cybils Middle Grade Fiction Award, a Charlotte Huck Award Honor, and a Malka Penn Award for . Synopsis: Refugee is a historical fiction novel that features 3 stories in one ; Josef, a Jewish boy escaping Nazi Germany in the 1930s, Isabel, a Cuban girl escaping Castro's regime in 1994, and Mahmoud, a Syrian boy fleeing from the conflict in Syria in 2015. On their way to Switzerland, the Landaus unfortunately run into German soldiers. On the sea, Mahmoud is marooned in the freezing Mediterranean, which ultimately capsizes his ramshackle raft. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. Along with the Castillosincluding Isabels best friend, IvnIsabel; her father, Geraldo; and her pregnant mother, Teresa, leave Havana for Florida. Josefs story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. All are escaping persecution and seeking safety and freedom. The refugees aboard the St. Louis are delivered to England, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. Through the perils and forced courage of his protagonists, Gratz highlights the biggest tragedy of all refugee crises in history: the loss of childhood. What is the setting of "Games at Twilight"? date the date you are citing the material. eNotes.com The family face incredible hardship and tragedy throughout their long journey through Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, and Hungary on their way to Germany. Josef's father grows anxious, and Josef fears the doctor will find his father mentally ill and turn the family away. Summary Josef is still outside the Havana Harbor, 21 days from home. Ruth promises to help Mahmoud find Hana. Powerful and compelling. Isabels beloved grandfather Litoshort for Abuelitois on board as well, though he is unsure about leaving Cuba. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Aarons real crime, of course, is that he is a Jew, the minority group that Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler wants to eradicate. One example is when Josefs family falls apart and he has to be the leader by talking to other people and acting as the main adult of his family. In doing so, he is able to atone for a past crime: he is Mariano Padron, one of the police officers who kept the passengers of the St. Louis from disembarking in Cuba in 1939, and only after stalling them for days with the false promise of maana. Refugee follows the stories of three different children and their families, each attempting to flee their violent homelands, in different regions of the world and during different decades. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Complete your free account to request a guide. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. The second is the date of Fidel Castro has taken over the country of Cuba and the citizens are sick of his dictatorship. In large numbers, Cubans are protesting the regime of Fidel Castro, whose flawed policies they believe have led to the economic catastrophe. Gratz illustrates more dehumanization from the Nazis, exemplified in Schiendicks equation of the children with rats. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Officer Padron, a Cuban policeman assigned to the St. Louis, saves Josefs father. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. The boat the Castillos have cobbled together becomes the center of Isabels existence. St. Louis, a ship taking Jewish refugees to Havana, Cuba. He and his family try to escape to Cuba on the. What I really like about this book is the changing perspectives. The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. If there are three dates, the first date is the date of the original Isabel's story is set in Cuba in 1994 during a time of great economic crisis and upheaval. Finally, storyboards are a great way to assess student understanding because they provide a visual representation of student learning. Contact us to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. eNotes.com, Inc. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. eNotes.com It is called the most deadly conflict of the 21st century thus far, with 250,000 casualties and millions Syrians who have been forced to flee the devastation. Log in here. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. for a customized plan. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! (including. The passage of the two families is secured by Lito, who throws himself into the water to distract the US Coast Guard. Young readers will finish this book and ask: What should we do? Active Themes Related Quotes with Explanations Refugee looks readers straight in the eye, challenging them to truly see these kids who are battling the worst moments of our recent history. The Landau's went through many hardships during the . online is the same, and will be the first date in the citation. Josef warns his father that he must . With the threat of concentration camps looming, he and his family board a ship bound for the other side of the world Isabel is a Cuban girl in 1994. How does each of the characters experience the feeling of fear inRefugeeby Alan Gratz? Anincredibly important, heartrending, edge-of-the-seat read, bringing light to the plight of immigrants who search for safety and freedom. However, despite the presence of kind adults like Captain Schroeder, the ship is also haunted by Nazi spies, like Otto Schiendick, who mistreat Jews. The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. Mahmoud Bishara's story begins in 2015, during the ongoing Syrian Civil War. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. In Refugee, what is the climax of Mahmoud's story. Josef, his sister Ruth, and his mother all travel to Hamburg to board a ship that will take them to Cuba. Officer Padron insists they had the right papers but the crowd gets mad insisting they also have the right papers. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Plus, our printable worksheets make it easy to take the fun offline. He promises the passengers that he will try to deliver them to a country other than Germany. Interestingly, the stories are also tied together through the symbolism of water and boats. The Castillos have been secretly building a makeshift boat and the next day, they set out together for Miami. A large part of the novels narrative focuses on boats, which represent tenuous hope. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: Thus, the sea comes to represent death, chaos, and uncertainty at one level. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. And although Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud are separated by continents and decades, surprisingconnections will tie their stories together in the end. A heartrending and important tale for our time. What details do you notice that show that this story is not taking place in the United States? This is how Mahmoud puts it: No one cares about us if we stay out of your way, but if we come near you were seen as a burden. Also, there are parallels between the three stories, and at the end, all of the three stories are connected. The hatred that Josef experiences on the tour only reminds him, and the readers, of the stakes of the trip. Isabels family and friends have always wanted to leave the country, but Castro will throw you in jail if you try to escape. After the police see Isabels father participate in a riot, there is no option but for the Fernandez family to leave Cuba by boat. Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. Lito is rescued and deported to Cuba. Storyboard That is the perfect tool for novel lesson plans and activities because it's so easy to use and extremely versatile. Gratzs stirring novel humanizes the plight of refugees worldwide. Yet this episode also shows how Ruthie has been able to retain some of her innocence and childhood as she plays, which only showcases Josefs comparative maturity when he refuses. They run into several problems, like being in bloody water with many sharks around on a sinking boat and there are high stakes at the end. After it capsizes, it is another boat that gives Hana a chance at life, and it is a Greek Coast Guard boat that ultimately rescues Mahmouds family. When the St. Louis reaches Havana Harbor in Cuba, the ship is not allowed to dock. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. A haunting fictional treatment of historic events. Within the portal, all users can view and copy all storyboards. Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old boy living in Berlin. Mahmoud; Waleed; their parents, Youssef and Fatima; and their baby sister, Hana, leave for Germany. Isabels best friend and neighbor, Ivn, is building a small boat with his father so that his family can flee to America. And why do children lead the novels action? (including. On the ship, Ruth, born in Nazi Germany, has the freedom to play openly for the first time in her life. His mother, father, little brother Waleed, and baby sister Hana barely manage to escape the bombing of their apartment building. Ed. Josef, his father, mother, and little sister Ruthie are all asleep when their home is invaded during Kristallnacht, the night when Nazi police and "Brownshirts" were directed to destroy Jewish shops, homes, and synagogues, and terrorize Jewish citizens all across Germany. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at [email protected]. You can also use Storyboard That to create a summary of the book, a movie poster, or analyze themes and events. Just when Miami becomes visible on the horizon, a U.S. Coast Guard boat tries to intercept the two families. These arent completely true stories, but these things do happen to real people, even today. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. This heart-stopping novel is not only compelling it is necessary. One example is when Josefs family falls apart and he has to be the leader by talking to other people and acting as the main adult of his family. Isabel Fernandez's story begins in 1994 in Havana, Cuba under the oppressive rule of Fidel Castro. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Water becomes the agent of change in each of these cases, emphasizing the centrality of adapting to survival. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Mahmouds story starts with their apartment building collapsing, due to people rioting because of the civil war going on in Syria. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Josef Landau's story begins in 1938 in Nazi Germany. The second is the date of Even Mahmouds precarious raft is a promise of tomorrow. $24.99 Renews March 11, 2023 Josef and his family flee Nazi Germany in 1938; Isabel and her family flee Cuba in 1994; and Mahmoud and his family flee Syria in 2015. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. Purchasing Isabels story starts with a riot. The rumor proves all too true, however, when the ship is marooned at the Cuban harbor for days, with officials telling the passengers day after day they will be allowed to disembark maanaSpanish for tomorrow. Aaron, who suffers a mental breakdown and jumps ship, is rescued by a Cuban police officer called Mariano Padron and allowed into Cuba, but Josef, Rachel, and Ruthand the rest of the passengers of the St. Louisare turned back. Even though Aaron still lives, his suicide attempt shows not only his own inner despair but the trauma that this event causes for Josef. Josef's father is convinced there is a trap, so Josef and his mother go without him. This is thebeets in a brownieof kid lit. Josef's life is turned upside down on the night when Nazi Brownshirts take his father away to a concentration camp. Once he is released, the family flees to Cuba. In exchange for Rachels diamonds, the soldiers offer her an impossible bargain: she can save just one of her children from being arrested. This is an engaging tale. However, one day Castro announces that he wont enforce staying in the country anymore, and Isabels family is ready to leave in a small boat their friends made. This summary should be accessible to high beginning or low intermediate ENL students. publication online or last modification online. With the fall of the Soviet Union, aid to Cuba has dried up, and many families starve. Josefs father is taken to Havana to recover. Margaret Neville, The King's English Bookstore, 2018 Sydney Taylor Book Award Winner for Older Readers, 2018 National Jewish Book Award Winner for Young Adults, New York Times Notable Middle Grade Childrens Book 2017, 2017 Cybils Middle Grade Fiction Award Winner, 2018 Indies Choice/E.B. His experiences with oppression in Germany, and then as a refugee, cause him to grow up far sooner than he should have to. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. Josef's story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. They board the St. Louis, a large German ship, and set out. With his homeland torn apart by violence and destruction, he and his family begin a long trek toward Europe. Josef is a Jewish boy in 1930s Nazi Germany. It gives the reader an unflinching look at the humanity, courage, and struggle of refugees seeking safety and freedom. Josef Landau. Refugee by Alan Gratz is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Mahmouds story starts with their apartment building collapsing, due to people rioting because of the civil war going on in Syria. Refugee by Alan Gratz is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. Christina Diaz Gonzalez, author of The Red Umbrella and A Thunderous Whisper. Heartrendingly, Josef notes that he and Ruthie never want to leave the St. Louis, the first place they have been treated as human beings in a long while. publication online or last modification online. His selflessness is made evident when he sacrifices his own life for his sister's. Josef later dies in a concentration camp. As Gratz observes in his authors note to the novel, the MS St. Louis was a real ship carrying 937 passengers, almost all of them Jews fleeing Nazi atrocities, that set sail for Cuba from Hamburg in 1939. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. You can view our. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Each version of Storyboard That has a different privacy and security model that is tailored for the expected usage. Refugee is a young adult literature novel by Alan Gratz published by Scholastic Corporation in 2017. Please wait while we process your payment. Last Updated on June 29, 2020, by eNotes Editorial. Summary This section starts with Josef's perspective, somewhere on the Atlantic in 1939, "8 days from home" (74). With urgent, clear-eyed storytelling, Gratzs Refugee compellingly explores the desperation and strength that unites those struggling for a place to call home. Josef and his family flee Nazi Germany in 1938; Isabel and her family flee Cuba in 1994; and Mahmoud and his family flee Syria in 2015. Josef's father suffers greatly from post traumatic stress disorder from his months of torture, starvation, and hard labor in the concentration camp. They run into several problems, like being in bloody water with many sharks around on a sinking boat and there are high stakes at the end. The novels subtler point is that this extraordinariness itself is terrible. "Refugee - Analysis" eNotes Publishing Josef and his sister Ruthie are just children, and yet they are needlessly abused by the soldiers. Continue to start your free trial. Equally real are the events of 1994 depicted in the novel. Josef understands himself to be German, and yet the Nazis are trying to take away this aspect of German Jewish peoples identity. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Refugee: Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean - 1939, 10 days Summary & Analysis Next Isabel: Straits of Florida - 1994, 1 day (2) Themes and Colors Key Summary Analysis Josef and some of the other children on the St. Louis take a tour of the ship 's bridge and engine room.