What are you waiting for? Test your knowledge on the muscles of the arm right away using our handy round-up of quizzes, diagrams and free worksheets. It arises from the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 to T1. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, Anterior, medical and posterior thigh muscles, Anterior, lateral and posterior leg muscles, Thenar, hypothenar and metacarpal muscles of the hand, Muscles of facial expression and mastication. There are numerous muscles in this compartment as well. The muscles discussed below are essential to everyday life and advanced movements such as writing. This necrosis lead to a flattened thenar eminence (thumb mound palmar surface). The scalene muscles include the anterior scalene muscle (anterior to the middle scalene), the middle scalene muscle (the longest, intermediate between the anterior and posterior scalenes), and the posterior scalene muscle (the smallest, posterior to the middle scalene). The shoulder is most unstable in extension and external rotation. It is best studied broken down into its components: regions, joints, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. The anterior muscles - such as the quadriceps femoris, iliopsoas, and sartorius, work as a group to flex the thigh at the hip and extend the leg at the knee. It inserts into the lateral surfaces of the middle phalanges of the 2nd to 5th digits. I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. Test your knowledge on the muscles of the hand with the following quiz. However, it prevents the humeral head from slipping downwards. There are numerous muscles in this compartment. Youll be able to clearly visualize muscle locations and understand how they relate to surrounding structures. Additionally, these muscles switch roles with opposite movements. For example, the biceps brachii performs flexion of the forearm as the forearm is moved. Tongue muscles are both extrinsic and intrinsic. The insertions of these muscles have fibers intertwined with connective tissue and the dermis of the skin. L: lateral two lumbricals. It passes anteriorly and around the thoracic cage as if wrapping. Bsc Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics. 1. It is available for free. It is innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve. When a movement is repeated over time, the brain creates a long-term muscle memory for that task, eventually allowing it to be performed with little to no conscious . Short head originates from Coracoid process. Click the card to flip . All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Rhomboid major muscle:This is a ribbon like rhomboid shaped muscle that arises from the spinous processes of the T2-T5 (T = thoracic) vertebraeand inserts onto the medial border of the scapula. This muscle also prevents the humeral head from moving too far upwards while the deltoidis in action, as do all the rotator cuff muscles. Place your fingers on both sides of the neck and turn your head to the left and to the right. It acts as an adductor, medial rotator, and flexor of the arm at the shoulder joint. Most anatomy courses will require that you at least know the name and location of the major muscles, though some anatomy courses will also require you to know the function (or action), the insertion and origin, and so on. Copyright The muscle has a frontal belly and an occipital belly (near the occipital bone on the posterior part of the skull). Muscle: Abductor pollicis longus - Origin: - Posterior surfaces of radius and ulna - Interosseous membrane - Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal - Action: - Radial deviation of wrist - Abduction of thumb at CMC joint - Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve. 3. Brachioradialis muscle:This muscle lies between the flexor and extensor compartments of the forearm. For origins and insertions, I learned the exceptions in each compartment/the ones that stick out. 2023 However, the scapula is integral to the movement of the shoulder via the rotator cuffand additional muscles. We will use examples to describe how the origin and insertion affect the action of a skeletal muscle. This is a fracture of the distal third of the radial shaft with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. As a result it acts as a flexor, extensor, and abductor of the shoulder. 1. This expression of trauma makes the hand appear to be dorsiflexed. Last reviewed: November 03, 2021 Those in the same compartment will have the same action. Do you struggle with straight memorization? The extrinsic muscles move the whole tongue in different directions, whereas the intrinsic muscles allow the tongue to change its shape (such as, curling the tongue in a loop or flattening it). The intrinsic muscles of the hand contain the origin and insertions within the carpal and metacarpal bones. Memorize Muscles, Origins, and Insertions with Cartoons and Mnemonics: 46 Muscles of the Lower Quadrant [Print Replica] Kindle Edition by Byron Moffett (Author) Format: Kindle Edition 24 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $9.99 Read with Our Free App It inserts into the 5th proximal phalanx (pinky finger). The lateral head arises from the posterior surface of the humerus, above the radial groove of the humerus. Have you triedour upper limb muscle anatomy revision chartyet? the iliopsoas or inner hip muscles: Psoas major. Muscle origins and insertions Many muscles are attached to bones at either end via tendons. The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle and consists of mainly type 2b fibers. Thats why wecreated muscle anatomy charts; your condensed, no-nonsense, easy to understand learning solution. It's important to note that the antagonist contraction is minor in comparison to the agonist contraction, and therefore it doesn't prevent the action of the agonist. The blood supply to the bone runs distal to proximal, as the nutrient branch of the radial artery enters at the distal pole, and runs proximally. The clavicular head arises from the medial two thirds of the inferior surface of the clavicle. Pectoralis minor muscle:This muscle lies deep to the pectoralis major and arises from 3rd-5th costals sternal ends and its associated fascia (connective tissue surrounding a muscle group). This is where the rotator cuff muscles become inflamed and impinged as they pass through the subacromial space. In addition, both muscles working together are the flexors of the head. This also helps you understand its action (s) as well as what injuries may be present if there is pain in relevant areas. This article will discuss the anatomy of the serratus anterior muscle. Groups of muscles are involved in most movements and names are used to describe the role of each muscle involved. Hamstring Anatomy Mnemonics - Origin, Insertion, Innervation & Action No views Aug 11, 2022 0 Dislike Share Save Memorize Medical 125 subscribers Easy ways to learn and remember the. 1 / 24. Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. My insertion is transverse processes C1-C4, mastoid process, and occipital bone. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. All rights reserved. iliacus - origin: ilium fossa These are unique muscles which originate from flexor tendon and insert into extensor tendon and act as guy ropes to correct tension between two opposing forces to maintain balance.. Muscle Mnemonics. The nerve supply comes from the upper and lower subscapular. Triceps brachii muscle:This is the only muscle of the posterior compartment of the arm. Pronator quadratus muscle:In the deepest layer of the forearm is the pronator quadratus, which is found connecting the radius (insertion) and ulna (origin) at their distal points like a strap. The triceps is the antagonist, and its action opposes that of the agonist. Our muscle anatomy charts make it easier by listing them clearly and concisely. The head is balanced, moved and rotated by the neck muscles (Table 11.5). It also assists in medial (anterior fibers) and lateral rotation (posterior fibers). It commonly follows a FOSH. This deep muscle arises from the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts onto the medial surface of the humeral diaphysis (shaft). For this reason, the anatomy of the upper limb from the aspect of muscles will be reviewed topographically. It can be observed when a patient circumducts (circle movement) the affected upper limb. Identify the following muscles and give their origins, insertions, actions and innervations: Axial muscles of the head neck and back The skeletal muscles are divided into axial (muscles of the trunk and head) and appendicular (muscles of the arms and legs) categories. Insertion: Proximal, medial tibia (inferior to medial condyle) It is innervated by the C3 & C4 and the accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11 = CN11). It acts as an abductor of the shoulder, and inserts onto the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. Its innervation is from the upper suprascapular nerve. These are innervated by the ulnar nerve. Similar to the erector spinae muscles, the semispinalis muscles in this group are named for the areas of the body with which they are associated. Click the card to flip . inserion: medial border of scapula origin: neck Long head originates from the Supraglenoid cavity. Reading time: about 1 hour. You will feel the movement originate there. It also acts as an extensor of the wrist and radial deviator. For example, one could say the wrist is distal to the elbow. Insertion: Medial proximal condyle of tibia Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg, Origin: Lateral condyle and proximal tibia Insertion: First metatarsal and first cuneiform Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot, Origin: Condyles of femur Insertion: Calcaneus by calcaneal tendon Action: Flexes leg, plantar flexes foot, Origin:Posterior, proximal tibia and fibula Insertion: Calcaneus by calcaneal tendon Action: Plantar flexes foot, Origin: Head and shaft of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia Insertion: First metatarsal, first cuneiform Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot, Origin: Lateral COndyle of tibia, shaft of fibula Insertion: Middle of distal phalanges of second through fifth digits Action: Extends toes, dorsiflexes foot, Origin: Inferior border of a rib Insertion: Superior border of rib below Action: Elevates ribs (increases volume in thorax), Origin: Inferior border of a rib Insertion: Superior border of rib below Action: Depresses ribs (decreases volume in thorax), Origin: Posterior occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 Insertion: Clavicle, Acromion process, and spine of scapula Action: Extends and abducts head, rotates and adducts scapula, fixes scapula, Origin: Spines of T2-5 Insertion: Lower one-third of vertebral border of scapula Action: retraction of scapula, Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, Spines C7-T1 Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula at scapular spine Action: retraction of scapula, Origin: Galea aponeurotica Insertion: Skin superior to orbit Action: Raises eyebrows, draws scalp anteriorly, Origin: Fascia of facial muscles near mouth Insertion: Skin of lips Action: Closes lips, Origin: Frontal and maxilla on medial margin of orbit Insertion: Skin of eyelid Action: Closes eyelid, Origin: Zygomatic arch Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible Action: Closes mandible, Origin: Temporal fossa Insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible Action: Closes mandible, Origin: Sternum, clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal Action: Abducts, rotates, and flexes head, Origin: Ribs 1-8 Insertion: Vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula Action: Abducts scapula (moves scapula away from spinal column), Origin: Bottom of rib cage, Crest of pubis, symphysis pubis Insertion: xiphoid process, Origin: Ribs 5-12 Insertion: Linea alba, iliac crest, pubis Action: Compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk, Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest Insertion: Linea alba, ribs 10-12 Action: Compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk, Origin: the inner surface of the 7th to 12th costal cartilages, the thoracolumbar fascia, the iliac crest horizontally, and the inguinal ligament Insertion: linea alba Action: support for the abdominal wall, directly on top of the sciatic nerve 2. Chapter 1. The shoulder moves at the glenohumeral joint. Iliacus muscle. The tendon of the muscle passes in its own tunnel to enter the palm and it inserts onto the base of the 1st distal phalanx. All rights reserved. The longus is innervated by the radial nerve and the brevis by the posterior interosseous branch. The muscle arises mainly from the flexor retinaculum and tubercle of the trapezium and inserts onto the proximal phalanx or metacarpal of the thumb. The serratus anterior muscle originates from the 1st to 8th or 9th rib s and inserts at the anterior surface of the scapula. This happens due to overuse, such as with a competitive swimmer or shotput thrower. Separate the muscles into compartments (already done for the leg muscles). For example, that same muscle, the biceps brachii, performs flexion at the elbow, in which the elbow is the joint. Each of these muscles has a name; for example, again, the biceps brachii and now the triceps brachii, responsible for both forearm flexion and forearm extension, respectively. Flexor carpi muscles: In the superficial layer of the forearm is where we find flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris. Kenhub. Registered Nurse, Free Care Plans, Free NCLEX Review, Nurse Salary, and much more. Some axial muscles cross over to the appendicular skeleton. The middle fibers retract (adduct). This muscle also modulates the movement of the deltoid like the other rotator cuff muscles. Enter your email address below and hit "Submit" to receive free email updates and nursing tips. Read more. origin: tip of the coracoid process Manifestations are limited movement of the shoulder and severe pain. The iliocostalis group includes the iliocostalis cervicis, the iliocostalis thoracis, and the iliocostalis lumborum. All rights reserved. It is innervated by the radial nerve, a portion of the posterior branch of the brachial plexus. The second way to describe a muscle's action is based on the joint, or the articulation. Origin: Ischial Tuberosity Winged scapula is caused by an injury to the long thoracic nerve. Oftentimes, synergist muscles are needed to get a particular action started. Gross Anatomy I. This is the reason the muscle is well developed in boxers who protract their scapula in the terminal phases of their punches in order to maximize reach. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart, Chapter 20. The common flexor origin is the medial epicondyle. Agonist Muscle Contraction & Examples | What Are Agonist Muscles? Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. In other words, there is a muscle on the forehead (frontalis) and one on the back of the head (occipitals). The Tissue Level of Organization, Chapter 6. Insertion: Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm (spirals underarm to front . The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue, Chapter 13. Last reviewed: July 22, 2022 The movements would be used in bowling or swing your arms while walking. The sternocleidomastoid divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles. This muscle primary retracts the scapula, elevates the medial border, and also stabilizes the scapula against the thoracic wall. Flexor pollicis longus muscle:This muscle is found superficially within the deep layer. You walk Shorter to a street Corner. Read more. They arise from the metacarpal bones and insert into the extensor hoods of each finger. One common style of the Monteggia fracture is in children where the radial head is dislocated through a forceful pulling on the arm. The physicians originally studying human anatomy thought the skull looked like an apple. These final muscles make up your calf. Generally the muscles in the same compartment insert into the same bone. When they contract bilaterally, the head flexes or extends. It arises from the lateral epicondylar ridge and inserts onto the radial styloid process. Term. Muscles of the Posterior Neck and the Back. Last Played February 22, 2022 - 12:00 am There is a printable worksheet available for download here so you can take the quiz with pen and paper. Human hands are quite special in their anatomy, which allows us to be so dexterous and relies on muscles of the upper limb to help move it through space. Pectoralis major muscle :This is a superficial, large, fan shaped muscle that makes up the bulk of the pectoral (chest) region. Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System, Chapter 12. Do you want an efficient way to remember the arm muscles? : imagine holding a suitcase or briefcase at your side. Reviewer: Lumbricals:These are worm like muscles that originate from the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus. It acts to draw the scapula lateral, forward, downward, and stabilizes the scapula. The neurovascular bundle (intercostal nerve, artery and vein) will separate these two muscles. Biceps brachii muscle:This superficial muscle forms the bulk of the anterior compartment of the arm. The muscle is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch. The muscle causes flexion of the wrist and ulnar deviation when its acts with extensor carpi ulnaris. psoas major - origin : lumbar vertebrae action: protraction of scapula, muscle that allows you to shrug your shoulders or extend your head Simplify your retention of the thenar muscles by learning the following mnemonic! It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. They also contribute to deep inhalation. The origin is typically the tissues' proximal attachment, the one closest to the torso. This muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles when viewed from the side (Figure 11.4.8). Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Finally, the scalene muscles work together to flex, laterally flex, and rotate the head. flashcard sets. insertion: spinus process of scapula These include the digastric muscle, which has anterior and posterior bellies that work to elevate the hyoid bone and larynx when one swallows; it also depresses the mandible. [3] Origin and Insertion Muscles always pull. Reviewer: The back muscles stabilize and move the vertebral column, and are grouped according to the lengths and direction of the fascicles. The nerve supply arises from the suprascapular nerve (upper and lower), which arises from the unification of the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 and C6(C = cervical). Hip Muscles | Anatomy, Support & Movement, Pectoralis Major Action, Function, Insertion & Origin, Erector Spinae Action, Origin & Insertion | Iliocostalis, Longissimus & Spinalis, Teres Major Muscle Action, Origin & Insertion | Teres Major Location, Multifidus Muscle | Origin, Insertion & Action, Pectoralis Minor | Origin, Action & Insertion, Establishing Boundaries in Massage Therapy, Deltoid Muscle Action, Origin & Insertion | Deltoid Muscle Function. Serratus anterior muscle:This muscle is so named due to its anterior digitations that have a serrated or finger-like appearance. This muscle is considered an accessory muscle of respiration. The third group, the spinalis group, comprises the spinalis capitis (head region), the spinalis cervicis (cervical region), and the spinalis thoracis (thoracic region). It is innervated by the posterior interosseous branch. The muscles of facial expression originate from the surface of the skull or the fascia (connective tissue) of the face. Opponens pollicis acts to oppose the thumb with the other digits (rotation of the thumb to pulp of the other fingers and not just flex across the palm). It functions as a stabilizer of the scapula, acts as a protractor when reaching forward or pushing, and aids in rotation of scapula. (Superior part: Anterior surface of superior angle. Franchesca Druggan BA, MSc Supinator muscle:It is a small muscle that arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, the supinator crest of the ulna, as well as the annular and radial collateral ligaments that support the radius against the ulna. It also causes contributes to flexion of the proximal IP, MP, and wrist joints, although these are its secondary function. Because the muscles insert in the skin rather than on bone, when they contract, the skin moves to create facial expression (Figure 11.4.1).